Animals in Iraq

Iraq's natural environment, shaped by desert expanses, mountainous regions, and the vital Tigris-Euphrates river system, shelters a surprisingly diverse range of wildlife. Despite the country's arid reputation, areas such as the Mesopotamian Marshes and western uplands serve as critical habitats for mammals, migratory birds, and reptiles. Over centuries, species have adapted to harsh climates and shifting landscapes, and although some populations have declined, Iraq remains an important link in broader ecological corridors across the Middle East.

The goitered gazelle, native to arid plains and desert margins, is often cited as Iraq’s national animal. Graceful yet resilient, it has long symbolized the delicate balance between life and harsh environments. While not officially designated, its cultural resonance and ecological presence in the region make it a meaningful representative of Iraq’s wildlife. Conservation efforts continue to face challenges, but the gazelle endures as a quiet emblem of survival and natural beauty in the Iraqi landscape.

While much of Iraq’s terrain appears inhospitable, several animal species found in its mountains, deserts, and coastal waters are capable of posing danger to humans under certain conditions. Large predators like leopards or wolves, though elusive, may act defensively if surprised or cornered. In addition, wild boars can be aggressive, especially when protecting offspring. Offshore, the presence of large sharks adds another dimension to the country's wildlife risks. Most encounters are rare, but respecting natural habitats and exercising caution remains essential.

The animals featured in this selection represent some of Iraq’s most prominent or widely recognized species, either due to their ecological roles, striking appearance, or cultural significance. These examples help paint a broader picture of the country’s biodiversity, which may evolve as conservation status changes or awareness grows. Whether native to rugged mountains or desert plains, these animals highlight the diversity often hidden beneath Iraq’s surface.