Animals in Uruguay

Despite its relatively small size, Uruguay offers a surprisingly rich and diverse range of wildlife, shaped by the interplay of grasslands, wetlands, Atlantic coastline, and river systems. Its ecosystems, while less tropical than those of neighboring countries, still support numerous mammal species, freshwater fauna, and an impressive array of migratory birds and marine life. This balanced and tranquil environment allows wildlife to coexist closely with rural and coastal communities, creating unique opportunities for observation and appreciation of nature’s quiet abundance.

The southern lapwing, or tero as it’s affectionately called in Uruguay, is considered the country’s national bird — not through formal designation, but through cultural ubiquity. Seen patrolling open fields and defending its nesting ground with loud, bold calls, this bird has become an enduring symbol of rural life and resilience. While its appearance may seem modest, its fierce personality and deep association with the Uruguayan landscape have secured its place in the hearts of locals and made it a subject of folklore, music, and national pride.

Although Uruguay is generally considered one of the safest countries in South America when it comes to wildlife, caution remains advisable in specific environments. Wetlands and rivers can conceal reptiles such as caimans or venomous snakes like the lancehead, while coastal waters are part of migratory routes for powerful marine predators. While serious incidents are rare, awareness of one’s surroundings and respectful distance from wildlife are key to preventing problems — particularly in areas less frequented by tourists or during high tide movements.

In Uruguay’s relatively gentle natural setting, certain animals stand out due to their cultural relevance, visibility, or ecological role. The species most commonly identified as emblematic often reflect a blend of local tradition and environmental presence. These highlight the subtle richness of Uruguay’s biodiversity, where fame is not always tied to size or rarity, but to familiarity, symbolism, and emotional connection. As new species gain attention or are more widely recognized, this list will naturally evolve alongside public appreciation.